Miniflora Rose Plant Named &#39;BENred&#39;

ABSTRACT

‘BENred’ is a new and distinct variety of rose plant of the miniflora class. It grows 20 to 24 inches tall and 22 to 28 inches wide, bearing dark red flowers in proportion to the size of the foliage. Blooms are borne primarily singly, last well on the plant, and are good as cut flowers. The dark green, glossy foliage offers outstanding resistance to powdery mildew.

CROSS REFERENCE

This new rose plant bears some resemblance to ‘BENnovecientos’ (trade name of Power Point, not patented) and ‘BENdiez’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 17,590), two roses developed in this same breeding program from the same parentage. All plants are of an upright habit with red flowers borne primarily singly. Differences immediately visible between these three rose plants are this present rose is overall larger, the shades of red in the open blooms of this new invention are unique, and this new rose has glossier foliage. A closer look shows the individual petals of the new invention to have a broader form than the other two roses.

GENUS AND SPECIES

Rosa hybrida

VARIETAL DENOMINATION

‘BENred’

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present plant relates to a new and distinct variety of hardy, bush type rose plant of the miniflora class. This new variety is from a single seedling developed by Frank A. Benardella under controlled conditions in a greenhouse in Millstone Township (formerly Englishtown), N.J. by crossing the following two rose plants:

The seed parent is a dark red miniature rose, ‘BENmjul’ (U.S. patent application No. 10/035,940, filed Dec. 21, 2001, abandoned).

The pollen parent is a red hybrid tea, ‘JACecond’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 1,139).

The Primary Goal of this breeding program was to produce unique roses with award winning, hybrid tea form on plants with appealing attributes to increase public appeal. To achieve this goal roses were selected primarily for their award winning, hybrid tea form flowers and secondly for their sturdy, vigorous and attractive plant habits. Pertaining to this particular cross, both parents have been noted for their exhibition form flowers of good substance and borne one to a stem. Both parent plants are vigorous and upright growing. The seed parent has semi-glossy foliage and the pollen parent has glossy foliage. The new invention has hybrid tea form blooms of good substance, and glossy foliage on an upright plant with vigorous growth.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of vigorous, hardy, bush-type rose plant of the miniflora class with dark red, hybrid tea form flowers. The field of comparison with other dark red roses is greatly reduced when the dark green glossy foliage is taken into consideration and combined with open bloom size, petal count, petal texture and appearance, and plant and foliage size.

This current plant may be characterized by

-   -   Dark red flowers, with a unique mix of dark shades of red;     -   A slow and gradual fade to medium shades of red.     -   Long lasting as a cut flower;     -   Flowers having hybrid tea form, primarily borne singly;     -   Very slight, sweet fragrance;     -   Dark green glossy foliage;     -   Excellent resistance to powdery mildew;     -   Upright, rounded plant habit;     -   Suitability for production from softwood cuttings in pots.

The present plant is compared with its parents in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Seed Parent, Current Plant, Pollen Parent, ‘BENmjul’ “BENred’ ‘JACecond’ Flower color Dark Red Dark Red Medium Bright Red (Classified as Deep Pink) Petal Count 21 to 27 15 to 26 17 to 30 Foliage Semi-glossy Glossy Glossy Plant Size 24″ to 30″ tall; 20″ to 24″ tall; 5′ tall and 4′ wide 15″ wide 22″ to 28″ wide in the first year Fragrance Slight Spicy Very Slight, Sweet Slight

The present invention is compared with two introduced roses, ‘BENdiez’ and ‘BENnovecientos’, developed from crossing the same parents of ‘BENmjul’ and ‘JACecond’, in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Current Plant, ‘BENdiez’ “BENred’ ‘BENnovecientos’ Flower color Dark Red Dark Red Medium, Bright Red Flower diameter at 1-1¾ inches 2½-2⅞ inches 2-2½ inches exhibition stage Petal Count 18-29, plus 13-26, most 40-45 plus an 2 to 8 often 15- undetermined or more 18, plus about 5 number petaloids petaloids of petaloids Foliage Semi-glossy Glossy Semi-glossy Plant Size 24″ to 30″ tall; 20″ to 24″ tall; 3′ tall and wide 15″ wide 22″ to 28″ wide Flower Fragrance Moderate Very Slight, Slight Sweet Raspberry Sweet

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

The accompanying patent image consists of three separate images. Image #1 includes the four young plants used to write the description that follows. They are positioned in a way (one plant is set at a lower level than the other three) to show parts that may be considered significant identifiers: an unopened bud; a newly opened bud; a full open bloom; sepals attached to a receptacle with petals and stamens removed, exposing the pistils; and stems showing prickles and foliage. These plants are 1½ to 2 years old, growing in 5- and 6-inch pots in outdoor conditions in Ipswich, Mass. Image #2 shows a single flowering stem, grown in a one-gallon container in a greenhouse in Arroyo Grande, Calif. Image #3 is a bouquet of flowers in different degrees of openness, from the California grown plants. Color is depicted as nearly correct as is possible to make in a color illustration of this character.

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANT

Following is a detailed description in outline form, pertaining specifically to this new and distinct variety of rose plant as observed on plants less than 2 years old in outside conditions in Ipswich, Mass. All major color plate identifications made are referring to The Royal Horticulture Society Colour Chart except where common terms of color definition are employed.

-   Flowers:     -   -   Blooming habit.—Cyclic, repeating about every four weeks,             though the quantity of blooms and its long bloom cycle may             make it appear continuous.         -   Borne.—Most often singly, occasionally having one or two             side buds forming along the same peduncle near below the             opening flower. On occasion the plant will put up a large             spray of five to eight flowers.         -   Bud.—Form is ovate with an acute apex, with the base             tapering to the receptacle. SIZE: Length has been measured             as short as 19/32 inch and as long as 30/32 inch. Width has             been measured as small as 14/32 inch and as much as 19/32             inch, with width being directly related to length. COLOR             WHEN SEPALS FIRST DIVIDE: Color is a very dark red, near             187C from the Greyed-Purple Group. The next color to show is             a bit lighter, near 46A, a Currant Red.         -   Bloom.—SIZE: Fully expanded, widths were 2 30/32 to 3 14/16             inches. Flower depths varied from 1 4/32 inches to 1 23/32             inches. At exhibition stage, diameters were measured 2 16/32             to 2 28/32 inches with a depth of 1 15/32 to 1 16/32 inches.         -   Form.—The flower first opens with a high center that quickly             becomes flattened convex; the lower profile begins cupped             and becomes flattened convex.         -   Lasting quality.—From when the sepals are first down until             the colors began to fade was 6 to 7 days on the plant with             day temperatures of 80° to 87° Fahrenheit and 7 to 8 days at             cooler temperatures. When buds were cut, with sepals down,             and kept indoors with temperatures from 70° to 76°, there             were 4 days to exhibition stage and 8 days to fade.         -   Fragrance.—Very slight, sweet.         -   Petalage.—Counted between 13 and 26 with the most common             counts of 15 and 18.         -   Petaloids.—counted between 1 and 7 with the most common             count of 5.         -   Petals.—ARRANGEMENT: imbricated TEXTURE: The upper surface             is velvety; the reverse is satiny. SUBSTANCE: Excellent             THICKNESS: Moderately thick. APPEARANCE: The veins on the             upper surface are all recessed somewhat and to the same             degree. The reverse shows all veins protruding slightly.             FORM: On the full open flower, the outer petals are             orbicular to obtuse. At exhibition stage, about half open,             these same petals were orbicular. They have a very small,             acute apex and a base that is broadly obcordate to obovoid.             The intermediate petals are somewhat narrower, having a             broad spatulate form. Inner petals are obovate to broadly             obovate. MARGINS: Rounded, and wavy about ⅜ inch on either             side of the apex on the outer petals on the full open bloom.             Margins on all petals are similar, having the wavy margin on             either side of the apex. SIZE OUTER PETALS: Length is             between 1 19/32 and 1 23/32 inches, but only varying by 1/32             inch within each flower. Widths range from 1 16/32 to 1             26/32 inches and vary within each by 3/32 to 7/32 inch.         -   General tonality.—dark red.         -   Color.—During the first few days: Upper surface is shades of             Cardinal Red, near 53B along the outer margin, becoming a             color between 53B and 53C progressing down the petal, and             near 53D just above the basal area. Margins first exposed to             the sun may have a deeper red flush of between 46A and 53A.             The two outermost petals have an extremely small basal area             of a light Chartreuse Green near 1D. The basal area of the             remaining outer petals is somewhat larger and a bit darker,             near 154C. The points of attachment are near 1B. The reverse             of the outer petals is near 53C, including the basal area on             the two outermost petals. Other basal areas are an Empire             Yellow, near 11D. The points of attachment are a very light             green-yellow, near 3C. COLOR: WHEN HALF BLOWN: The color of             the outer petals becomes a bit lighter with the upper             surface of between 53B and 53C with near 46A blending in             from the outer margin. Basal area is near 2D, a Chartreuse             Yellow, and the point of attachment is near 1C, a Chartreuse             Green. The reverse is also a bit lighter, between 53D and             60A, the basal area also a bit lighter, and the point of             attachment is lighter, near 154D. The inner petals become a             color between 53C and 53D and 46C, and the reverse becoming             near 60D. COLOR: WHEN FULL BLOWN: The color continues to             lighten and the tonality changes, though still a dark red.             The outer petals are a rose-red, between 53D and 58B,             becoming a Cardinal Red, between 53C and 53B, toward the             margin with some flushing of near 53A. The basal area             becomes white, near 155D and the point of attachment is near             2C. The reverse is near 58A, Indian Lake, with a basal area             of a light Primrose Yellow, near 4D, and point of attachment             near 2D. Progressing toward the center of the flower, the             general color of the petals is the same but the basal areas             of the innermost petals become near 2D and on the reverse,             near 11D. COLOR AS THE BLOOM AGES: Color continues to fade             gradually.         -   Petaloids.—TEXTURE: Often the same as the petals, though             some are satiny on both the upper and lower surfaces. COLOR:             Same as the inner petals except the basal area and point of             attachment is near 160D, a dull yellow from the             Greyed-Yellow Group, the same color as the adjacent             filaments. SIZE: On full open flowers, the width of the             petaloids varied from 12/32 inch to 1 21/32 inches; lengths             ranged from 15/32 inch to 1 16/32 inches, not relative to             width. UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS: Many were staminiferous; some             were mostly stamen-like, though not attached by a filament             but with a linear base less than 2/32 inch wide, and with a             very small section of petal attached; others were half             petals, or deeply lobed, or bifid, or two small conjoined             petals. Bases may be attenuate, or linear. Outer margins,             when present, may be ruffled or entire. Any of these or             other forms are found within each flower and with a white             band along the main vein that seemed to be randomly located.         -   Sepals.—The sepals roll back ahead of the petals and             continue rolling back to or almost to the peduncle with some             continuing to cross around the peduncle and curl up around             the receptacle. They remain permanently attached to the             receptacle. FORM AND CHARACTERISTICS: The 2 outermost sepals             are ovato-oblong with stipitate glands along the margins and             with 1 or 2 narrow foliar appendages that also have a few             stipitate glands along their margins. Their attenuate apices             have smaller foliar appendages lending a barbed appearance.             The two innermost sepals are ovato-accuminate with a very             fine pubescence along their margins and no foliar             appendages. The one sepal in between the inner and outer is             a combination of the inner and outer, with one foliar             appendage and stipitate glands along only one margin. All             sepals are truncated at the base. SURFACE APPEARANCE:             Outside surfaces are matte becoming semi-glossy at the base.             SURFACE TEXTURE: All sepals have a very slight pubescence             and a few stipitate glands near the base on the outside             surface. Inside surfaces are covered with a fine pubescence.             SIZE: Sepals extend beyond the tip of the bud by 20/32 to             28/32 inch, just before they divide. The widths of all             sepals are uniform, averaging 12/32 inch. The length of the             three outer sepals averages 1 13/32 inches and the length of             the two innermost seals is noticeably shorter, between 1             7/32 and 1 8/32 inches. COLOR: The outside surface of the             two outer sepals is a medium yellow-green, between 144A and             146B, with a lighter shade of yellow-green, near 144C, in             the center. The apices are glossy and a much deeper             yellow-green, near 147A. The three inner sepals are near             146D along the margins and near 144C in the center. The             inside surfaces of all sepals are near 147B along the             margins, and a very light yellow-green, near 145C, in the             center.         -   Peduncle.—ASPECT: near straight, most often a slight curve             sunward. STRENGTH: Strong SIZE: Lengths vary from 1 28/32 to             2 inches. Diameters are near uniform, averaging about 6/32             inch right below the receptacle tapering to 4/32 inch at the             juncture with the stem. COLOR: Light yellow-green, between             144C and 146D, lightly flushed with a dull red on the             sunward side, near 181B from the Greyed-Red Group TEXTURE:             Semi-glossy, becoming glossy near the top where it is joined             to the receptacle. SURFACE: The entire surface is covered             with many very soft prickles, measuring as short as 1/64             inch to as long as 3/32 inch. The color of the prickles is             near 181A.         -   Receptacle.—COLOR: A Scheele's Green, near 144B, and may             have an anthocyanin flushing of a deep red, near 178A, on a             side exposed directly to the sun. SURFACE: GLOSSY. There is             a light covering of a very fine pubescence, though it             appears glabrous to the naked eye. SIZE: Averaging 12/32             inch at its widest point, with an average height of 18/32             inch. SHAPE: Conical, tapering evenly to connect with the             peduncle. TOP SURFACE OF THE RECEPTACLE: has a circular             shape usually with a diameter of around 10/32 inch. The             color is a light yellow-green near 145D. There are short             tufts of hairs that surround the pistils. -   Reproductive organs:     -   -   Stamens, filaments and anthers.—ARRANGEMENT: Two tight rows             are situated adjacent to the petals. QUANTITY: Between 114             and 190 FILAMENTS: The tops gently curve toward the pistils.             LENGTH: Length varies from 9/32 to 17/32 inch in the full             open flower. COLOR: A light red, between 47B and 50B, for             the upper half, and a dull, medium yellow, between 160C and             160D from the Greyed-Yellow Group, for the lower half.             ANTHERS: Color near 11D, Empire Yellow. POLLEN: Color of             pollen sacs is a dull shade of gold, near 163B from the             Greyed-Orange Group.         -   Pistils, styles, and stigmas.—Originating in the alveola in             the center of the top of the receptacle, and surrounded by             tufts of short hairs. QUANTITY: Counted at 35 to 46. STYLES:             Moderately thin, most are very straight. LENGTH: In the full             open flower, lengths of the styles varied from 7/32 to 13/32             inch. COLOR: Medium red from right below stigma, then white,             between 155D and 155B, into the alveola. STIGMAS: A medium             Cadmium Orange, near 23C.         -   Hips.—There were only two hips to observe. Following is             their description. SHAPE: Between urceolate and conical.             SIZE: Not symmetrically round: 18/32 by 20/32 inch diameters             and 25/32 inch height on a hip with no seeds protruding, and             13/32 by 14/32 inch diameters and 22/32 inch height on a hip             with seeds protruding. SURFACE TEXTURE: Glabrous COLOR WHEN             MATURE: The color of the mature hip, when grown under             lights, was a dark orange, between 26A and 28B. -   Plant:     -   -   Habit.—The habit of the current plant is upright, rounded,             and well branched.         -   Growth.—Vigorous. New shoots initiate on flowering stems             after sepals divide. SIZE: The plant grows 20 to 24 inches             tall and 22 to 28 inches wide. ROOT INITIATION FROM             CUTTINGS: 3 to 6 days under controlled, greenhouse             conditions.         -   Stem diameter.—Main canes observed had a basal diameter of             10/32 inch. Primary laterals had a basal diameter of 7/32 to             8/32 inch becoming 6/32 inch at the top. Flowering stems had             a diameter of 5/32 to 7/32 inch at the base and tapered to             4/32 to 5/32 inch where they joined with the peduncle.         -   Length of flowering stems.—The length of the flowering stem             is determined by how far it originates from the crown of the             plant. Flowering stems originating lower down on the plant             have been measured from 9½ to 13½ inches long while stems             originating nearer the top of the plant have been measured             as short as 3½ inches.         -   Length of internodes.—Quite variable: The spacing of the             internodes seems to be greater on the longer flowering             stems, varying from 1 5/32 to 1 21/32 inches, but also as             short as 20/32 inch. Internodes were shortest near the base.             On these longer stems there are generally 7 to 9             five-leaflet leaves, regardless of stem length. The shorter             flowering stems have fewer leaves and shorter internodes of             20/32 to 33/32 inch.         -   Foliage.—Pinately compound leaves, mostly with five leaflets             but also with three or seven. Flowering stems usually have 7             to 9 five-leaflet leaves plus 1 to 3 three-leaflet leaves             just below the peduncle, regardless of the length of the             stem. 7-leaflet leaves, when present, are usually closest to             the base of the stem.         -   Size of mature leaf.—Mature leaves on these plants had             lengths ranging from 3 24/32 inches to 4 24/32 inches.             Seven-leaflet leaves tended to be longest. Lengths of the             three- and five-leaflet leaves were not in relation to the             number of leaflets.         -   Leaflets.—SHAPE: Most are ovate, though some are just             narrow-ovate, on the same plant and the same stem.             APPEARANCE: Upper surface is glossy. Main veins are entirely             recessed and primary laterals are somewhat recessed. The             reverse is matte. Main veins protrude entirely, primary             lateral veins protrude mostly, and secondary lateral veins             are barely protruding. TEXTURE: Upper surface is glabrous;             the reverse is somewhat leathery. EDGE: Margins have a             simple and near even serration, with a gland at the tip of             each serrate. SIZE OF TERMINAL LEAFLETS: Lengths of terminal             leaflets on five- and seven-leaflet leaves were measured             from 1 20/32 inches to 2 13/32 inches. Their widths were             measured from 31/32 inch to 1 15/32 inches. Three leaflet             leaves found on the lower portion of the plant had larger             terminal leaflets, ranging from 2 10/32 to 2 27/32 inches             long and 1 8/32 to 1 22/32 wide.         -   Color new foliage.—Upper surface is a dark olive-green near             146B, heavily flushed with a deep red, between 187A and             183A. The reverse is a medium olive green, near 146B, and             heavily flushed with Chrysanthemum Crimson, near 185B.         -   Color older foliage.—anthocyanin color is absent. The upper             surface is a dark green, between 139A and 146A. The reverse             is lighter, near 137C.         -   Petiole.—Color on young petioles is near 187A, along the             ridges and in the groove. Between the stipules the color             becomes near 183B, an Oxblood Red. The reverse is lighter,             near 183C, from the juncture with the basal leaflets,             becoming near 146C between the stipules. SIZE: Petioles on             three-leaflet leaves were longest, measured from 1 8/32             inches to 1 22/32 inches. Seven-leaflet leaves had the             shortest petioles, measured 20/32 inch and 22/32 inch.             Five-leaflet leaves had petioles from 31/32 inch to 1 4/32             inches. TEXTURE/APPEARANCE: The ridges along the upper             surface of the petiole were lined with stipitate glands,             seemingly paired with those on the opposite ridge. The under             surface occasionally had a single prickle.         -   Rachis.—The colors are the same as those of the petioles.             SIZE: Lengths of the rachis on five-leaflet leaves varied             from 22/32 to 28/32 inch. Lengths of the rachis on             seven-leaflet leaves averaged around 1 11/32 inches.             TEXTURE/APPEARANCE: The ridges on the upper surface had             slightly fewer stipitate glands than found on the ridges of             the petiole. The reverse occasionally had a single prickle,             and stipitate glands clustered just below the juncture with             leaflets.         -   Petiolules.—The color of the petiolules on the mature             foliage was notably lighter than that of the rachis or             petioles. Along the ridges and in the grooves the color of             the upper surface was a very light yellow-green, between             144D and 149C; the reverse was between 149D and 144D. SIZE:             Petiolules to the terminal leaflets were shortest on the             seven-leaflet leaves, measured at 15/32 and 16/32 inch.             Petiolules to the terminal leaflet on the five-leaflet             leaves were measured from 17/32 to 21/32 inch.             TEXTURE/APPEARANCE: Stipitate glands were along the ridges             on the upper surface.         -   Stipules.—are paired at the base of each leaf. 2 or 3 were             also located at the base of flowering stems. SIZE: The             length of stipules attached to the petioles at the base of             five- and seven-leaflet leaves varied from 10/32 inch to             16/32 inch attached and 4/32 to 5/32 inch angled outward at             an angle anywhere from 7° to 45° from the petiole. The             length attached usually varied by 1/32 inch within each             pair. Stipules were longest on the three-leaflet leaves             where they reached lengths of 19/32 inch attached and 6/32             to 7/32 inch angled outward. COLOR: When young the upper             surface was a medium yellow green near 146B with a slight             brown-red flush. The reverse was a bit lighter, near 146C,             with no anthocyanin coloring. On mature leaves, the upper             surface had darkened to near 137B with no anthocyanin             coloring and the reverse to near 146B. MARGINS: Heavily             lined with stipitate glands of very uneven lengths. Edges             were often gently rolled back a bit.         -   Other foliar appendages.—Two or three stipulate appendages             were located at the base of the flowering stems. They were             connate, being completely joined together down the center,             from the base to the tips, and attached directly to the             stems along their base. The color of the upper surface where             there were joined together was between 145C and 154D, a pale             yellow green, and flushed with near 181B. The outer edges             were a much darker green, between 139A and 137A. ON             flowering stems, at and just below the juncture of the             peduncles were usually one or two simple leaves with             stipules attached the entire length of their petioles,             and/or a single or pair of stipulate appendages. A single             three-leaflet leaf may be present but was never observed to             be at the juncture but a bit below. Coloring of these             appendages was the same as found on the adjacent foliage.         -   Resistance.—The glossy foliage is very resistant to powdery             mildew and rust but somewhat susceptible to black spot in             Massachusetts.         -   Wood.—Stems are gently curved or slightly crooked at each             node. TEXTURE NEW WOOD: Glabrous, except for prickles.             TEXTURE OLD WOOD: Lenticels seem to form in the second year             of growth, starting at the base of the oldest canes. COLOR             NEW WOOD: Medium yellow-green, near 146C and quickly             becoming near 146B, with the sunward side flushed with a             deep terra cotta red, between 173A and 178A. COLOR OLD WOOD:             Medium green, between 137C and 147A. Lenticels are a medium             brown, near 177B, from the Greyed-OrangeGroup.         -   Prickles.—QUANTITY: Older canes have 8 to 10, and             occasionally more, between nodes. Flowering stems had 2 to             4, usually 3 or 4, between nodes, except near the base where             the quantity was about doubled. LENGTH: Prickles located on             the canes of the plant seemed to be uniformly around ¼ inch             long, except near the base of the flowering stems where             lengths varied from 3/32 to 7/32 inch. FORM: Angled or             slight arc downward. COLOR: When young, prickles in full sun             are near 182A, a medium color from the Greyed-Red Group.             When somewhat protected form the sun they are lighter, near             182C. The tips gradually become a light brown, near 177D.             When old the entire prickle becomes an olive-brown, near             199A from the Greyed-Brown Group.         -   Hardiness.—This new rose cultivar has been tested hardy to             USDA Zone 5. 

1. A new and distinct variety of hardy rose plant of the miniflora class is claimed, substantially as illustrated and described herein, with hybrid tea form flowers of dark red, borne primarily singly, holding up well as cut flowers, and with dark green, glossy foliage on a well-branched plant. 